One Way
Fare Type:
  • Regular
  • Armed ForcesNEW
    Armed Forces Fare

    Applicable for serving and retired personnel of Armed Forces and Paramilitary Forces, their recognised dependants like spouses and children, and war widows. It is mandatory to show a valid ID or dependant card at the airport, without which boarding might be denied.

  • Student
    Student Fare

    Only students above 12 years of age are eligible for special fares and/or additional baggage allowances. Carrying valid student ID cards and student visas (where applicable) is mandatory, else the passenger may be denied boarding or asked to pay for extra baggage.

  • Senior Citizen
    Senior Citizen Fare

    Only senior citizens above the age of 60 years can avail this special fare. It is mandatory to produce proof of Date of Birth at the airport, without which prevailing fares will be charged.

  • Double Seat
    Fly Safer with Double Seat

    Step up physical distancing by booking two or three adjacent seats for one traveller. Opt from ‘Double/ Entire Row’ by Indigo or ‘GoMore’ service by GoAir - available only for domestic one-way economy class bookings.

Popular Filters

Departure Airports

One Way Price

₹ 6,023 ₹ 4,70,000

Duration

1 h 10 m 29 h 0 m

Stops From Fukuoka

Departure From Fukuoka

6 AM to 12 PM

₹ 10,889

12 PM to 6 PM

₹ 6,023

After
6 PM

₹ 11,266

Arrival at Seoul

Before
6 AM

₹ 23,592

6 AM to 12 PM

₹ 10,889

12 PM to 6 PM

₹ 11,689

After
6 PM

₹ 6,023

Alliances & Airlines

Oneworld

(24)

SkyTeam

(5)

Star Alliance

(47)

+ 14 more

Layover Airports

+ 7 more

Layover Duration

1 h 0 m 21 h 30 m

Fukuoka to Seoul Japan Airlines

Lowest fare from Fukuoka to Seoul on 04 Dec - ₹6390


Cheap International Fukuoka to Seoul Japan Airlines air tickets at MakeMyTrip India. Best Deals at Lowest fares guaranteed on flights from Fukuoka to Seoul by Japan Airlines International Travel. Check Japan Airlines booking, International Flight number, Flight status, Schedules online from Fukuoka to Seoul.Also book Seoul to Fukuoka Japan Airlines flights tickets online.Avail Zero Cancellation for flight bookings.
Sorted By:
Departure
Duration
Arrival
Price
jinair

₹ 6,773

₹ 6,023

₹ 750 Instant Discount

Get special Rs 750 OFF using MMTMAXX

Fukuoka to Seoul-Incheon , 4 Dec

jinair LJ | 272

17:05

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Fukuoka, Japan

01 h 35 m

18:40

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal T2

Seoul-Incheon, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate Change

MMT Value 1

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 6,773₹ 6,023

Flex

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 15,584₹ 13,888

MMT Value 3

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
35 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 32,222₹ 29,722

MMT Value 4

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
40 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 35,389₹ 32,889

MMT Value 5

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
45 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 38,555₹ 36,055

Jeju Air

₹ 12,188

₹ 10,889

₹ 1,299 Instant Discount

Get special Rs 1299 OFF using MMTMAXX

Fukuoka to Seoul-Incheon , 4 Dec

Jeju Air 7C | 1402

08:55

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Fukuoka, Japan

01 h 35 m

10:30

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal T1

Seoul-Incheon, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate ChangeSeatMeal

Basic

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
0 Kg
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed
----
----

₹ 12,188₹ 10,889

Flybag

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed
Chargeable
No Meals

₹ 12,188

Air Busan

₹ 12,589

₹ 11,220

₹ 1,369 Instant Discount

Get special Rs 1369 OFF using MMTMAXX

Fukuoka to Seoul-Incheon , 4 Dec

Air Busan BX | 155

10:00

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Fukuoka, Japan

01 h 45 m

11:45

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal T2

Seoul-Incheon, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate Change

Regular Fare

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 12,589₹ 11,220

MMT Value 2

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 12,615₹ 11,242

MMT Value 3

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
20 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 15,240₹ 13,582

MMT Value 4

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
23 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 17,276₹ 15,397

MMT Value 5

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
25 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 17,841₹ 15,900

MMT Value 6

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
28 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 19,853₹ 17,693

MMT Value 7

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
30 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 20,418₹ 18,197

jinair

₹ 12,016

₹ 11,266

₹ 750 Instant Discount

Get special Rs 750 OFF using MMTMAXX

Kitakyushu to Seoul-Incheon , 4 Dec

jinair LJ | 350

18:40

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Kitakyushu, Japan

01 h 35 m

20:15

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal T2

Seoul-Incheon, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate Change

MMT Value 1

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 12,016₹ 11,266

Flex

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 12,410₹ 11,660

MMT Value 3

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
20 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 16,554₹ 15,558

MMT Value 4

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
25 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 20,421₹ 19,192

MMT Value 5

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
30 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 24,496₹ 23,022

MMT Value 6

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
35 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 28,037₹ 26,350

MMT Value 7

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
40 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 31,001₹ 29,136

MMT Value 8

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
45 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 33,987₹ 31,942

Korean Air

₹ 12,474

₹ 11,689

₹ 785 Instant Discount

Get special Rs 785 OFF using MMTMAXX

Fukuoka to Seoul-Incheon , 4 Dec

Korean Air KE | 788

10:30

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Fukuoka, Japan

01 h 30 m

12:00

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal T2

Seoul-Incheon, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate ChangeSeatMeal

Economy saver

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
23 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed
----
----

₹ 12,474₹ 11,689

Economy saver

Fare offered by airline.

7 Kgs
1 Piece
Non-refundable fare
Date Change Fee starting
₹ 8,580
----
Get complimentary meals

₹ 12,474

Economy standard

Fare offered by airline.

7 Kgs
1 Piece
Cancellation Fee starting
₹ 5,720
Date Change Fee starting
₹ 4,575
----
Get complimentary meals

₹ 13,078

Economy flex

Fare offered by airline.

7 Kgs
1 Piece
Cancellation Fee starting
₹ 4,290
Date Change Fee starting
₹ 2,860
Free seats available
Get complimentary meals

₹ 25,803

Eastar Jet

₹ 13,253

₹ 11,811

₹ 1,442 Instant Discount

Get special Rs 1442 OFF using MMTMAXX

Fukuoka to Seoul-Incheon , 4 Dec

Eastar Jet ZE | 646

11:30

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Fukuoka, Japan

01 h 20 m

12:50

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal T1

Seoul-Incheon, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate Change

MMT Value 1

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 13,253₹ 11,811

MMT Value 2

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 13,473₹ 12,007

Jeju Air

₹ 13,429

₹ 12,679

₹ 750 Instant Discount

Get special Rs 750 OFF using MMTMAXX

Fukuoka to Seoul - Gimpo Airport , 4 Dec

Jeju Air 7C | 1452

08:55

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Fukuoka, Japan

01 h 05 m

10:00

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Busan, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

Jeju Air 7C | 904

07:20

Fri, 5 Dec 25

Terminal D

Busan, South Korea

01 h 05 m

08:25

Fri, 5 Dec 25

Terminal D

Seoul - Gimpo Airport, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate ChangeSeatMeal

Flybag

Fare offered by airline.

Not allowed
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed
----
----

₹ 13,429₹ 12,679

Flybag

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed
Chargeable
No Meals

₹ 13,429

Sky Regional Airlines

₹ 12,860

Get Rs. 1200 additional discount using MMTDEALS

Fukuoka to Seoul-Incheon , 4 Dec

Sky Regional Airlines RS | 724

10:00

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Fukuoka, Japan

01 h 30 m

11:30

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal T2

Seoul-Incheon, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate ChangeSeatMeal

Discount Fare

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed
Chargeable
No Meals

₹ 12,860

Regular Fare

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed
Chargeable
No Meals

₹ 16,207

jinair

₹ 15,020

₹ 13,386

₹ 1,634 Instant Discount

Get special Rs 1634 OFF using MMTMAXX

Fukuoka to Seoul-Incheon , 4 Dec

jinair LJ | 262

09:30

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Fukuoka, Japan

01 h 30 m

11:00

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal T2

Seoul-Incheon, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate Change

MMT Value 1

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 15,020₹ 13,386

Flex

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
15 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 15,584₹ 13,888

MMT Value 3

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
20 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 19,952₹ 17,781

MMT Value 4

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
25 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 24,173₹ 21,673

MMT Value 5

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
30 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 28,493₹ 25,993

MMT Value 6

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
35 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 32,222₹ 29,722

MMT Value 7

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
40 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 35,389₹ 32,889

MMT Value 8

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
45 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed

₹ 38,555₹ 36,055

Korean Air

₹ 14,406

₹ 13,656

₹ 750 Instant Discount

Get special Rs 750 OFF using MMTMAXX

Kitakyushu to Seoul-Incheon , 4 Dec

Korean Air KE | 5750 | Operated By jinair

18:40

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal I

Kitakyushu, Japan

01 h 35 m

20:15

Thu, 4 Dec 25

Terminal T2

Seoul-Incheon, South Korea

BAGGAGE : CHECK INCABIN

Information not available

FARES
Cabin bagCheck-inCancellationDate ChangeSeatMeal

Economy flex

Fare offered by airline.

10 Kgs
23 Kgs
Non-refundable fare
Not allowed
----
----

₹ 14,406₹ 13,656

Economy flex

Fare offered by airline.

7 Kgs
1 Piece
No airline cancellation fee
Free date change allowed
Free seats available
Get complimentary meals

₹ 14,406

About Fukuoka (FUK)

Fukuoka

FAQs - Fukuoka to Seoul Japan Airlines Flight

What is the baggage allowance on Japan Airlines flights from Fukuoka to Seoul?

A:
  • Economy class generally includes 20 kg check-in baggage.
  • Hand baggage allowance is up to 7 kg.
  • Additional baggage can be pre-booked online at discounted rates.
  • Excess baggage at airport check-in may incur higher fees.

Are meals included on Japan Airlines flights from Fukuoka to Seoul?

A:
  • Japan Airlines is a low-cost carrier; meals are not included by default.
  • You can pre-book meals during ticket purchase.
  • Limited snacks and drinks are available onboard for purchase.
  • Meal options vary based on route and time of flight.

How long is the direct flight from Fukuoka to Seoul on Japan Airlines?

A:
  • Flight duration is typically around 3 hours 45 minutes.
  • May vary slightly depending on weather and air traffic.
  • It is a non-stop international route.
  • Check exact timings during booking for the selected date.

What is the check-in baggage policy for Japan Airlines on international routes?

A:
  • Standard check-in baggage is 20 kg in economy.
  • Baggage over this limit will attract excess charges.
  • Infants are allowed an additional 10 kg check-in baggage.
  • Prepaid baggage slabs offer cost savings over airport rates.

Can I select my seat on Japan Airlines flights from Fukuoka to Seoul?

A:
  • Yes, seat selection is available for a fee.
  • You can choose window, aisle, or extra-legroom seats.
  • Free seat selection may be allowed during web check-in (limited).
  • Seat selection can be done during booking or later via Manage Booking.

Are in-flight entertainment options available on Japan Airlines?

A:
  • No, traditional seat-back entertainment is not provided.
  • Passengers are advised to carry their own devices and content.
  • Some flights may offer in-flight magazines.
  • Power outlets or USB ports are usually not available.

What is the hand baggage weight limit on Japan Airlines for this route?

A:
  • One cabin bag up to 7 kg is allowed.
  • Dimensions should not exceed 115 cm (L+W+H).
  • One small personal item (handbag/laptop) may be allowed.
  • Excess cabin baggage may be checked in at additional cost.

Is web check-in available for Japan Airlines from Fukuoka to Seoul?

A:
  • Yes, web check-in opens 48 hours before departure.
  • Available up to 2 hours before scheduled takeoff.
  • Boarding pass can be downloaded online or received via email.
  • Seat selection during web check-in may be free or paid.

Does Japan Airlines offer priority boarding or special services for families?

A:
  • Priority boarding is offered at extra cost or to special categories.
  • Families with infants, elderly, or disabled get assistance.
  • No business class or loyalty privileges (as it’s a low-cost carrier).
  • Special service requests can be made during booking.

What is the average fare for a Fukuoka to Seoul flight on Japan Airlines?

A:
  • Average fares range from ₹9,000 to ₹15,000 one-way.
  • Prices vary based on seasonality and booking window.
  • Booking early usually helps get lower fares.
  • Additional costs for meals, baggage, or seat selection may apply.

Are there any additional charges apart from the base fare?

A:
  • Yes, charges apply for baggage beyond allowance.
  • Meals, seat selection, and travel insurance are chargeable.
  • Airport taxes and surcharges are usually included in the final fare.
  • Payment gateway or convenience fees may apply.

How can I find the lowest fare for Fukuoka to Seoul on MakeMyTrip?

A:
  • Use the “cheapest date” or “fare calendar” feature.
  • Book tickets 30–45 days in advance.
  • Subscribe to fare alerts.
  • Compare prices across different times of day and days of week.

Can I cancel or reschedule my Japan Airlines ticket on MakeMyTrip?

A:
  • Yes, cancellation and rescheduling is allowed via Manage Booking.
  • Charges apply based on fare rules and time left before departure.
  • Refunds (if applicable) are processed by MakeMyTrip.
  • Always review the fare policy during booking.

Will I get a refund if I cancel my Japan Airlines ticket to Seoul?

A:
  • Refunds depend on the fare type and cancellation time.
  • Basic fares may have low or no refund value.
  • Taxes and government fees may be refunded.
  • Refund is processed to the original payment method.

What payment options are available for booking Japan Airlines flights?

A:
  • Credit/debit cards, UPI, and internet banking are accepted.
  • EMI options may be available for higher fare totals.
  • MakeMyTrip wallet and gift cards can be used.
  • International cards may be accepted with 3D Secure.

How early should I arrive at Fukuoka airport for an international Japan Airlines flight?

A:
  • Arrive at least 3 hours before departure.
  • Counters close 60 minutes prior to takeoff.
  • Web check-in doesn’t exempt you from baggage drop/security.
  • Longer queues are expected during peak travel seasons.

How frequently does Japan Airlines fly from Fukuoka to Seoul?

A:
  • Typically operates daily or multiple times a week.
  • Frequency may vary by season or airline schedule.
  • Check real-time schedules on MakeMyTrip or airline website.
  • Increased frequency during holidays or festive periods.

Are there seasonal discounts or offers on this route?

A:
  • Yes, promotions are often run around festivals or holidays.
  • Look out for flash sales and credit card partner discounts.
  • Off-peak seasons (e.g., summer) may offer cheaper fares.
  • Use promo codes during booking to save extra.

Can I book Japan Airlines group travel from Fukuoka to Seoul?

A:
  • Yes, group bookings are available for 10 or more passengers.
  • Discounts and flexible payment terms may be offered.
  • Booking needs to be done through customer support or agency partners.
  • Name changes and other terms are specific to group travel policies.

What if my baggage is lost or delayed on Japan Airlines?

A:
  • Report immediately to the airline desk at the airport.
  • You will be given a Property Irregularity Report (PIR).
  • Compensation may be available after investigation.
  • Airline customer service can be contacted for status updates.

Does Japan Airlines offer travel insurance while booking?

A:
  • Yes, travel insurance can be added during booking.
  • Covers trip delays, baggage loss, medical emergencies, etc.
  • Provided by third-party insurers linked with the airline or OTA.
  • Check policy terms before purchasing.

Are pets allowed on Japan Airlines flights?

A:
  • Only guide dogs are allowed in the cabin.
  • Pets may be transported as cargo under specific conditions.
  • Advance approval and documentation is mandatory.
  • Contact airline customer care for exact pet travel guidelines.

How can I get GST invoice for my Japan Airlines booking?

A:
  • If booked via MakeMyTrip, you can download invoice from the account.
  • Ensure GST number is entered at time of booking.
  • Airline may also provide GST invoice on request.
  • Useful for business travel expense claims.

Is there Wi-Fi available onboard Japan Airlines flights?

A:
  • No, Wi-Fi is not available on Japan Airlines.
  • Passengers are advised to download content beforehand.
  • Use offline entertainment during flight.
  • Email or work-related tasks cannot be performed online.

What happens if I miss my Japan Airlines flight?

A:
  • No-show policy applies; full ticket fare may be forfeited.
  • You may contact the airline for rebooking (at extra cost).
  • Refunds not applicable in most no-show cases.
  • Travel insurance may cover missed connections.

Can I upgrade my seat on Japan Airlines flights?

A:
  • Upgrades to extra-legroom seats are available for a fee.
  • No business class cabin available.
  • Upgrades can be done during web check-in or at airport counter.
  • Subject to availability.

Is there a mobile app for Japan Airlines?

A:
  • Yes, Japan Airlines has an official mobile app.
  • Available for Android and iOS platforms.
  • Lets you book, check-in, manage bookings, and track flights.
  • Push notifications for delays and offers are supported.

Does Japan Airlines allow changes in passenger name?

A:
  • Minor corrections may be allowed (e.g., spelling).
  • Full name changes are not permitted.
  • Contact airline support immediately for name issues.
  • Always review details before confirming booking.
Fukuoka Address

About Seoul (SEL)

Capital city of South Korea, Seoul is a metropolitan city, with a population of over 35 million. It is the largest city of the country and also considered as the financial and cultural epic center of the country. The reason behind the city's popularity is its age-old cultural heritage, traditions, blended perfectly with modern digital technology. There are many attractions which has made it a popular destination among the tourists all over the world. Some of them include the world class architecture, beautiful Buddhist temples, unusual education system, continuous row of street food vendors, and an extra-ordinary night-life. Seoul is a modern organized city, with beautiful locations and lots of arresting attractions. People can get in to the place through Lncheon International Airport, which is by far the most used way of travelling to the city. Other ways to travel are by train, bus, boat and car. While you plan to roam around the city, don't forget to carry a map and hire a taxi or car for the purpose. Visit and see different artistic palaces, mountains for hiking, parks for spending quality time with family, and temples and shrines to satisfy the spiritual desires. There are many other places like World Comic Convention, Namdaemun, Dongdaemun, Seodaemun Prison, N Seoul Tower, The National Museum of Korea, and National War Memorial that attract travellers across the world. One can also indulge themselves in cooking activities, as the Korean food is world renowned for its flavour and taste. When planning to shop, the tourists can turn to the local markets, and can also reach to the big marts and malls. One must not forget to visit the fashion hub of the city, i.e., 'Myeongdong'. You can shed your pockets in various clubs and can splurge freely on drinks and eatables. As far as the gentry is concerned, the Korean people are friendly by nature and can be often seen helping the tourists. Don't leave any loop hole while you plan to travel to the city. With the help of MakeMyTrip, book tickets online and decide on the proper accommodation arrangements. One can also take help from the city guides to fetch detailed information about the city to be visited.

Seoul Address
Incheon International Airport
272 Gonghang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, South Korea
Phone: +82 1577-2600

About Japan Airlines

Japan Airlines the flag carrier of Japan is a famous airline company headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan with major hubs situated at Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport), as well as Osaka's Kansai International Airport and Osaka International Airport. It offers both domestic as well as international flight services. This airline has three subsidiaries J-Air, JAL Express, and Japan Transocean Air.

The fleet of Japan Airlines consists of Airbus A350-900, Airbus A350-1000, Boeing 737-800, Boeing 767-300, Boeing 767-300ER, Boeing 777-200, Boeing 777-200ER, Boeing 777-300, Boeing 777-300ER, Boeing 787-8, and Boeing 787-9. All these aircrafts are adorned with excellent seating and in-flight services. Online air ticket booking is available for all Japan Airlines flights. Online booking is also the best medium of getting other flight information like flight schedule etc.